100% Pass High-quality CWAP-404 - Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Reliable Test Review

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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:

Section	Objectives
Protocol Analysis - 15%
Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods	- Select capture devices Laptop protocol analyzers APs, controllers, and other management solutions Specialty devices (hand-held analyzers and custom-built devices) - Install monitor mode drivers - Select capture location(s) - Capture sufficient data for analysis - Capture all channels or capture on a single channel as needed - Capture roaming events
Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools	- Save to disk - Packet slicing - Event triggers - Buffer options - Channels and channel widths - Capture filters - Channel scanning and dwell time
Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions	- Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets - Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets - Configure and display columns for analysis purposes - View frame and packet decodes while understanding the information shown and applying it to the analysis process - Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels - Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures - View and use a capture’s statistical information for analysis - Use expert mode for analysis - View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis
Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for analysis and troubleshooting	- WLAN scanners and discovery tools - Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools - Centralized monitoring, alerting, and forensic tools
Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types	- Define the problem - Determine the scale of the problem - Identify probable causes - Capture and analyze the data - Observe the problem - Choose appropriate remediation steps - Document the problem and resolution
Spectrum Analysis - 10%
Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers	- Install, configure, and use spectrum analysis software and hardware - Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based, and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions - Understand and use spectrum analyzer views Real-time FFT Waterfall, swept spectrogram, density, and historic views Utilization and duty cycle Detected devices WLAN integration views
Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues	- RF noise floor in an environment - Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given signal - Sources of RF interference and their locations - RF channel utilization - Non-Wi-Fi transmitters and their impact on WLAN communications - Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference - Poor performing or faulty radios
Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures	- Identify various 802.11 PHYs DSSS OFDM OFDMA Channel widths Primary channel - Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures Frequency hopping devices IoT devices Microwave ovens Video devices RF Jammers Cordless phones
Use centralized spectrum analysis solutions	- AP-based spectrum analysis - Sensor-based spectrum analysis
PHY Layers and Technologies - 10%
Understand and describe the functions of the PHY layer and the PHY protocol data units (PPDUs)	- DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) - HR/DSSS (High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) - OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) - ERP (Extended Rate PHY) - HT (High Throughput) - VHT (Very High Throughput) - HE (High Efficiency) HE SU PPDU HE MU PPDU HE ER SU PPDU HE TB PPDU HE NULL data packets
Apply the understanding of PHY technologies, including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation, and data rates, to captured data
Identify and use PHY information provided within pseudo-headers in protocol analyzers	- Pseudo-Header formats Radiotap Per Packet Information (PPI) - Key pseudo-header content Guard intervals Resource units allocation PPDU formats Signal strength Noise Data rate and MCS index Length information Channel center frequency or received channel Channel properties
Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers to capture PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers
Use appropriate capture devices based on proper understanding of PHY types	- Supported PHYs - Supported spatial streams
MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25%
Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation	- Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU)
Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis	- Management, Control, and Data frames - MAC frame formats and contents Frame Control field To DS and From DS fields Address fields Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field - 802.11 Management frame formats Information Elements Authentication Association and Reassociation Beacon Prove Request and Probe Response - Data and QoS Data frame formats - 802.11 Control frame formats Acknowledgement (ACK) Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS) Block Acknowledgement and related frames Trigger frames VHT/HE NDP announcements Multiuser RTS
Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis	- Country code - Minimum basic rate - Supported rates and coding schemes - Beacon interval - WMM settings - RSN settings - HT/VHT/HE operations - Channel width - Primary channel - Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs
Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames
WLAN Medium Access - 10%
Understand 802.11 contention algorithms in-depth and know how they impact WLANs	- Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) Carrier Sense (CS) and Energy Detect (ED) Network Allocation Vector (NAV) Contention Windows (CW) and random backoff Interframe spacing - Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) EDCA Function (EDCAF) Access Categories and Queues Arbitration Interframe Space Number (AIFSN) - Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) WMM parameters WMM-Power Save WMM-Admission Control
Analyze QoS configuration and operations	- Verify QoS parameters in capture files - Ensure QoS is implemented end-to-end

CWNP Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Sample Questions (Q175-Q180):

NEW QUESTION # 175
An RTS frame should be acknowledged by which frame?

A. CTS
B. Ack
C. Block Ack
D. RTS-Ack

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
An RTS (Request to Send) frame should be acknowledged by a CTS (Clear to Send) frame. An RTS and CTS frame are types of control frames that are used to implement a virtual carrier sense mechanism called RTS/CTS. RTS/CTS is a technique that helps to avoid collisions and hidden node problems in wireless transmissions. When a STA (station) wants to send a data frame, it first sends an RTS frame to the intended receiver, indicating the duration of the transmission. The receiver then responds with a CTS frame, also indicating the duration of the transmission. The other STAs in the vicinity hear either the RTS or the CTS frame and update their NAV (Network Allocation Vector) timers accordingly, deferring their access to the medium until the transmission is over. The sender then sends the data frame, followed by an ACK (Acknowledgement) frame from the receiver. The other options are not correct, as they are not used to acknowledge an RTS frame. An ACK frame is used to acknowledge a data frame, not an RTS frame. An RTS-Ack frame does not exist, as there is no such type of control frame in 802.11. A Block Ack (BA) frame is used to acknowledge multiple data frames in a single frame, not an RTS frame. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 6: 802.11 Frame Exchanges, page 166-167

NEW QUESTION # 176
In which element of a Beacon frame would you look to identify the current HT protection mode in which an AP is operating?

A. HT Information Element
B. HT Capabilities Element
C. HT Operations Element
D. HT Protection Element

Answer: A

Explanation:
The HT Information Element in a Beacon frame contains information about the current HT (High Throughput) protection mode in which an access point (AP) is operating. This element is used to ensure backward compatibility between HT (802.11n) and non-HT stations.

NEW QUESTION # 177
IEEE 802.11-2007 specifies two ERP protection mechanisms: RTS/CTS and CTS-to-Self.
Which statement is true regarding these two protection mechanisms? (Choose 2)

A. A CTS-to-Self frame sent by a client station may reach fewer nodes than the RTS/CTS frame exchange.
B. RTS and CTS frames use Short Interframe Spaces (SIFS), and CTS-to-Self frames use PCF Interframe Spaces (PIFS).
C. Aside from the Subtype subfield of the Frame Control field, the generic MAC header format of RTS and CTS frames are identical.
D. By definition, all associated client stations in a BSS can hear RTS, CTS, and CTS-to-Self frames, so RTS/CTS and CTS-to-Self mechanisms have equal effectiveness.
E. Use of RTS/CTS requires more overhead than CTS-to-Self due to a higher number of frames transmitted onto the wireless medium.
F. RTS and CTS frames are relayed through the access point, whereas the CTS-to-Self frames are not.

Answer: A,E

NEW QUESTION # 178
You suspect an interfere may exist in a BSS that is experiencing sporadic problems. You want to identify and locate the device. The actual device identify is not known.
What tool should be used for this purpose?

A. Throughput tester
B. Spectrum analyzer
C. Cable tester
D. Protocol analyzer

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 179
802.11k Neighbor Requests and Neighbor Reports are sent in what type of Management Frames?

A. Reassociation Request and Reassociation Response
B. RRM
C. Beacon
D. Action

Answer: D

Explanation:
802.11k Neighbor Requests and Neighbor Reports are sent in Action frames. An Action frame is a Management frame that is used to perform various operations or functions related to the operation or maintenance of a wireless network. An Action frame consists of a Category field that indicates the type of action being performed, and a variable-length Action Details field that contains specific information related to the action. For example, an Action frame with a Category field value of 5 indicates a Radio Measurement action, and the Action Details field may contain a Neighbor Request or a Neighbor Report subelement.

NEW QUESTION # 180
......

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100% Pass High-quality CWAP-404 - Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Reliable Test Review

CWAP-404 Valid Exam Pass4sure | CWAP-404 Practice Test Engine

CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:

Protocol Analysis - 15%

Spectrum Analysis - 10%

PHY Layers and Technologies - 10%

MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25%

WLAN Medium Access - 10%

CWNP Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Sample Questions (Q175-Q180):

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